开启时会模糊预览图，关闭后正常显示
局部麻醉一个人的手指,他将连最基本的划火柴的动作都会丧失准确率。表面上我们以为抓起火柴,划火柴,只需要"指头的能力",实际上,它依赖于最底层的指尖上的复杂触觉。 没有触觉反馈,人类的手就是一个笨拙的夹子。 Meissner小体（梅斯纳小体）位于表皮和真皮交界处，特别密集于指尖、嘴唇、手掌。椭圆形结构，由层叠的扁平细胞包裹神经末梢。专门感知轻触和低频振动（10-50Hz）。 Merkel细胞最靠近皮肤表层，与神经末梢形成复合体。慢速适应型——只要压力持续存在，就会持续发送信号。 Pacinian小体（帕西尼小体）最大的触觉感受器，肉眼可见，像个微型洋葱——由几十层同心圆状的结缔组织包裹一根神经纤维。 Ruffini小体梭形结构，位于真皮深层。慢速适应型，对持续的压力和皮肤拉伸敏感。当你握紧一个物体，或者感受到手指关节的位置和角度，Ruffini小体在提供持续的状态报告。 这就是为什么我对现在人形机器人的训练方法很悲观。因为人类每一个“宏观”动作的底层,都铺满了密密麻麻的“微观”传感器——皮肤。 马斯克的擎天柱,端到端的视觉训练。摄像头采集信息,神经网络输出动作。听起来很美:AI看,AI学,AI做。一切都交给算力,相信大力出奇迹。 但这是在用"眼睛"替代"皮肤"。 一个人闭着眼睛,依然能从口袋里掏出钥匙。因为指尖能感知形状、重量、温度、纹理。这些信息的密度,是视觉永远无法企及的。你可以用摄像头看到钥匙,但你看不到"抓握钥匙时,拇指和食指之间那0.1毫米的微调"。 端到端训练的本质,是在用一个低带宽的信号源(视觉),去模拟一个高带宽的控制系统(触觉+本体感觉)。这是降维打击——反向的。 所以你看到的演示视频里,机器人的动作都慢得像太极。不是因为电机不够快,是因为没有实时的触觉反馈,它必须用"慢"来换取"稳"。每一次接触都是一次赌博,每一次力的施加都是一次盲打。 人类婴儿用六个月学会抓握,用的是什么?是百万次的触摸、挤压、松开、再触摸。每一次,指尖都在告诉大脑:"这个力度,这个角度,这个结果。"这是一个闭环。 端到端训练呢?没有闭环。或者说,有一个残缺的闭环——没有皮肤因操作失误感受到的疼痛,没有心里因疼痛而产生的懊恼。只有人为的，对，或者错。粗略、浅薄的奖赏机制，如何打造真正的“灵巧手”？
独立开发：口袋粉丝App、胃之书App，陌生人闹钟App 💿 出版小说集：《坏一坏》、《人生灿灿》 ✒️ 目前在做：https://t.co/XZdd83lfuN
I will attend another Laravel meetup in Europe soon! On December 11th, flying to Laravel Copenhagen meetup! So cool, as kids got older, I can travel more frequently to meet my Laravel friends. Exciting times.
~20 yrs in web-dev, now mostly Laravel. My Laravel courses: https://t.co/HRUAJdMRZL My Youtube channel: https://t.co/qPQAkaov2F
In this case I should say "developed" instead of Western nations, as Singapore is developed and first world Although that term is becoming funny because they're less developed than developing nations
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信息源质量，信息速率，和信息解读 我以前觉得，质量相同的情况下，速率>解读 但经过最近的实践发现，解读质量远大于信息速率 大部分内容，提前看到3天，和晚看到3天，差异不大 但没有人感，和具有人感，内容传播上的差异巨大
Believing is seeing
Reducing AC usage, reducing emmissions, paper straws etc., it's all just incredibly performative Meaning it's an act for show, not something that actually contributes to saving the environment or stopping climate change Especially in the case of Singapore, a tiny city state with barely any impact on the environment What's funny is that China keeps using more and more energy while getting richer and richer and nobody is going to stop them And the Western nations have essentially outsourced their pollution to China, so they go down on the emissions charts while China goes up Nothing actually changes and it's all one big performative act So the only effect of putting the AC to 27°C/81°F is your people sleep worse, are less productive and become noticeably dumber Meanwhile the Chinese keep spending more energy, will sleep better, become more productive, and get smarter and richer!
In this case I should say "developed" instead of Western nations, as Singapore is developed and first world Although that term is becoming funny because they're less developed than developing nations